Anthelmintics Drugs | B.Pharmacy 3rd year 2nd Sem | Medicinal Chemistry-III

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Anthelmintics are drugs that either kill (vermicide) or expel (vermifuge) infesting helminths.

The helminths comprise two major Groups:

1. Nemathelminths (Nematodes, roundworms)

2. Platyhelminths (Flatworms)

The latter group is subdivided into the two groups

 a) Trematode (Flukes)

 b) Cestodes (Tapeworms)

Almost 350 species of helminths have been found in humans, and most colonise the gastrointestinal tract (G.I.T).

Humans are primary host for helminth infections, in the sense that they harbour the sexually mature form that reproduces. Eggs or larvae then pass out of the body and infect the secondary (intermediate) host.

Helminthiasis is more common in developing countries with poorer personal and environmental hygiene.

They harm the host by depriving him of food, causing blood loss, injury to organs, intestinal or lymphatic obstruction and by secreting toxins. Helminthiasis is rarely fatal, but is a major cause of ill health.

Classification of Anthelmintic Agents:

1) Based on Chemical Structure

2) Based on Pharmacology (Chemotherapy)

Some Important structures of Anthelmintic Agents

 The first of this class, Thiabendazole, was discovered in 1961 and subsequently a number of further Benzimidazoles were introduced as broad spectrum Anthelmintics. Thiabendazole effective against threadworm, cutaneous larva migrans, and early stage of trichinosis. Thiabendazole has anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic actions.

Mebendazole is a synthetic benzimidazole that has a wide spectrum of Anthelmintic activity and a low incidence of adverse effects. It is a drug of choice in the treatment of infections by whipworm eggs, pinworm, hookworms, and roundworm.

Albendazole, a broad-spectrum oral Anthelmintic agent. It is the drug of choice for treatment of hydatid disease and cysticercosis. It is also used in the treatment of pinworm and hookworm, round worm, whip worm, and thread worm infections. 

Synthesis of Diethylcarbamazine citrate:

Synthesis of Mebendazole:

MOA of Anthelmintic Agents:

 Side Effects of Anthelmintic Agents:

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Prepared By:
S.Seetaramswamy
Assoc. Prof.
Dept. Pharmaceutical Chemistry

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